Welcome to Jaberi Lawyers’ ultimate guide on applying for German citizenship! Here, we provide you with all the crucial information, step-by-step instructions, and expert tips to successfully navigate the naturalization process. Let’s embark on this journey to German citizenship together.
Requirements for Applying for German Citizenship
To apply for German citizenship, you must fulfill certain requirements. The general requirements under Section 10 of the German Citizenship Act (StAG) and the specific requirements for different groups of people are explained below.
General Requirements for the Application According to § 10 StAG
In order to apply for German citizenship, you must fulfill the following general requirements:
- At least five years of legal residence in Germany
- Clarification of identity and nationality
- Commitment to the free and democratic basic order
- Sufficient knowledge of German (level B1 language test)
- Knowledge of the legal and social order and living conditions in Germany (naturalization test)
- Securing a livelihood without claiming social benefits
- No conviction for a serious criminal offense
It is not possible to apply for naturalization with the following residence permits. These are blocked for entitlement to German citizenship: Sections 16a, 16b, 16d, 16e, 16f, 17, 18f, 19, 19b, 19e, 20, 22, 23a, 24, 25 (3) to (5), and Section 104c AufenthG. If you have this residence permit, you must first change your right of residence to be entitled to naturalization.
Specific Requirements for Different Groups of People
The requirements for applying for German citizenship can vary depending on the group of people. Here are the specific requirements for you:
Requirements for EU Citizens
- Proof of freedom of movement for the last 5 years
- Proof of sufficient German language skills and knowledge of living conditions in Germany
Requirements for Non-EU Citizens
- Possession of a residence permit that entitles you to naturalization
- Fulfillment of the general requirements according to § 10 StAG
Requirements for Spouses and Children
- Spouses and underage children can also be naturalized, even if they have not yet been in Germany for five years
- Proof of living together in a family community
The number of applications will increase enormously and waiting times will become longer and longer. If you meet the requirements for naturalization, apply for naturalization as soon as possible. If the waiting time is too long, seek legal assistance to file an appeal for failure of act, as you have a (legal) right to have your application processed!
Important Changes to Naturalization Law in 2024
Since 27 June 2024, the new Naturalization Act has made some significant changes to naturalization law. The changes to the law are intended to simplify the process of naturalization and adapt it to current social needs. Here are the most important changes you should know about.
Shortened Length of Stay
One of the biggest changes is the shortening of the required length of stay for naturalization:
- Instead of the previous eight years, you now only need to have lived legally in Germany for five years.
- In certain cases, such as special integration achievements and a C1 language certificate, you can even be naturalized after just three years.
Recognition of Dual Citizenship
Another important innovation concerns dual citizenship:
- You no longer have to give up your previous citizenship in order to obtain German citizenship.
- This means that you can enjoy the benefits of both nationalities, which is particularly advantageous for people with strong ties to their country of origin.
The exceptions according to § 12 StAG are no longer necessary and will no longer apply.
Simplified Conditions for Guest Workers and Contract Workers
As a guest worker, contract worker, or family member of a guest worker, you will also benefit from the new regulations if you submit the application:
- Guest workers who came to Germany before June 30, 1974, as well as their family members, no longer have to take a naturalization test.
- The same applies to you if you came to the GDR as a contract worker and have lived in Germany since then.
- It is sufficient if they can prove simple language skills at A1 level.
Documents for the Application for German Citizenship
To successfully apply for German citizenship, you must submit a number of documents. These vary depending on your personal situation and origin. Below you will find an overview of the basic and specific documents as well as tips on how to submit them correctly.
Basic Documents
To apply for German citizenship, you will generally need the following basic documents:
- Application form: The completed and signed naturalization application form.
- National passport: A copy of your valid national passport.
- Birth certificate: A certified copy of your birth certificate.
- Registration certificate: A current extended registration certificate of your place of residence.
- Proof of residence status: A copy of your residence permit or a comparable document.
- Language certificate: Proof of sufficient German language skills (at least B1) or alternatives (school, training).
- Naturalization test certificate: Proof of passing the naturalization test or alternatives (proof of alternatives through school, training, etc.).
- Signed declaration of loyalty and commitment to the free democratic basic order of the Federal Republic of Germany: A document in which you declare your commitment to Germany’s democratic basic order.
Documents by Group of Persons
Depending on your specific situation, additional documents may be required:
EU Citizens
- Proof of right of residence: Documents confirming your right of residence in Germany, such as a registration certificate or proof of employment.
- Proof of social insurance: Proof of your social insurance contributions.
Non-EU Citizens
- Proof of integration: Certificates of integration courses or other measures.
- Employment contract: A copy of your current employment contract and salary slips for the last three months.
- Tax certificate: Your last tax certificate or proof of income if you are self-employed.
Spouses and Children
- Marriage certificate: A certified copy of your marriage certificate.
- Birth certificates of the children: Certified copies of the birth certificates of your children.
- Proof of cohabitation: Documents that prove cohabitation in a family community, such as joint tenancy agreements or registration certificates.
How to Submit the Documents Correctly
The correct submission of documents is crucial to the success of your application. Here are some tips to ensure that your documents are submitted completely and correctly:
- Translations: All documents that are not in German must be translated into German by a sworn translator.
- Order and completeness: Sort the documents in the order in which they are required and check that all the necessary documents are complete.
- Observe deadlines: Make sure you submit all documents on time to avoid delays in the application process.
Costs and Fees for the Application
Applying for German citizenship is associated with certain costs and fees. These can vary depending on the federal state and individual situation. In this section, we provide you with a detailed overview of the costs involved as well as information on additional fees.
Overview of Costs
The basic costs for applying for German citizenship are made up of various fees:
- Naturalization application for adults: As a rule, the fee for processing the application is 255 euros.
- Naturalization application for minor children: For children who are naturalized together with their parents, the fee is 51 euros per child.
- Minor children without parents: Minor children who apply without their parents pay 255 euros.
- Naturalization test: The fee for the naturalization test is 25 euros.
Additional Fees and Possible Cost Reductions
In addition to the basic fees, further costs may arise depending on your specific situation:
- Fees for certified copies and translations: These can vary depending on the number of documents and the prices of the respective provider.
- Costs for language courses and integration courses: If you require additional language courses or integration measures, fees may also apply.
Ready to apply for German citizenship? Take our free test to see if you qualify and learn the quickest way to become a German citizen!
The Naturalization Procedure
The naturalization process can seem complex at first glance. With clear step-by-step instructions, information on processing times and deadlines, and tips on common mistakes, we aim to help you successfully master the process.
Step-by-Step Guide to Applying for Citizenship
- Find out about the requirements: Ensure you meet all the general and specific requirements for naturalization.
- Prepare documents: Gather all required documents, such as your national passport, birth certificate, registration certificate, proof of residence status, language certificate, and naturalization test certificate.
- Fill in the application form: Complete the naturalization application form carefully. Ensure all information is correct and complete.
- Sign the declaration of loyalty: Pledge in writing to uphold the free democratic basic order of the Federal Republic of Germany.
- Take the naturalization test: If necessary, take the naturalization test and pass it.
- Submit the application: Submit your application together with all required documents to the relevant naturalization authority in your place of residence.
- Pay fees: Pay the fees for processing your application and, if applicable, for the naturalization test.
- Wait for processing: The naturalization authority will review your application and may ask for additional documents or clarifications.
- Naturalization ceremony: If your application is approved, you will be invited to a naturalization ceremony where you will receive your certificate of naturalization.
Processing Times and Deadlines
Processing times for naturalization applications can vary depending on the federal state and individual case. On average, processing takes between 6 and 12 months. It is advisable to submit your application as early as possible to avoid delays. If additional documents are requested, you should submit them promptly to prevent further delays.
Tips on Common Mistakes
To ensure that your naturalization process goes smoothly, you should avoid common mistakes. Here are some tips:
- Incorrect or incomplete information: Ensure that all information on the application form is correct and complete. Incorrect or incomplete information can lead to delays or rejections.
- Missing documents: Ensure that all required documents are complete and correctly submitted. Missing documents can lead to delays in processing.
- Missed deadlines: Ensure that you submit all documents on time and attend appointments. Missed deadlines can delay the process.
Naturalization Test and Language Test
In the process of applying for German citizenship, you will usually need to take both the naturalization test and the language test. Here, we provide you with detailed information about the content of the tests, preparation tips, and possible exemptions.
Content and Procedure of the Naturalization Test
The naturalization test consists of 33 multiple-choice questions on the topics of “Living in a democracy,” “History and responsibility,” and “People and society.” Of these, you must answer at least 17 questions correctly to pass the test. The test lasts 60 minutes and is taken at an authorized test center.
Language Test and Required Language Skills
In addition to the naturalization test, you must also provide proof of sufficient German language skills. This usually involves taking a language test at level B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The test consists of the following parts:
- Oral expression: Demonstration of oral communication skills in various everyday situations.
- Written expression: Writing a text on a given topic.
- Reading comprehension: Understanding written texts.
- Listening comprehension: Understanding spoken texts.
Preparation Tips and Learning Aids
To successfully pass the naturalization test and language test, it is important to prepare well. Here are some tips and learning aids:
- Use learning materials: There are many textbooks, online courses, and apps specifically designed for preparing for the naturalization test and language test.
- Take practice tests: Practice tests help you familiarize yourself with the test format and identify your strengths and weaknesses.
- Attend courses: Language courses and integration courses offer structured preparation and the opportunity to ask questions.
Possible Exemptions and Alternatives
In some cases, you may be exempt from the naturalization test and language test:
- If you have a German school-leaving certificate or have completed vocational training or studies in Germany, you may be exempt from the naturalization test.
- Proof of alternatives: In certain cases, proof of other integration achievements or language skills can be recognized as an alternative to the tests.
Rights and Obligations under Naturalization
As a new German citizen, you have certain rights and obligations. These range from political participation to social rights and civil duties. In this section, we explain the most important rights and obligations you should be aware of.
Rights as a New German Citizen
As a naturalized German citizen, you have the same rights as native-born Germans. This includes:
- Right to vote: You can participate in federal, state, and local elections.
- Freedom of movement: You can move freely within the EU and enjoy visa-free travel to many countries.
- Access to social benefits: You are entitled to the same social benefits as other German citizens.
- Consular protection: You can use the consular services of German embassies and consulates abroad.
Obligations as a New German Citizen
As a new German citizen, you also have certain obligations. These include:
- Respecting the laws: You are obliged to abide by the laws and regulations of the Federal Republic of Germany.
- Participation in the democratic process: As a citizen, you are encouraged to participate in the democratic process and contribute to society.
- Tax obligations: You are required to pay taxes and comply with tax regulations.
